XSite v3.0 cracked license software
Software Overview
Proppant transport and placement logic is included. Proppant affects fracture closure and fracture conductivity. General pumping schedules can be simulated with switching injected Newtonian or power-law fluids. The borehole flow is coupled with the rest of the model to determine distribution of fluid between multiple clusters. Synthetic microseismicity can be tracked and recorded.
Special-Purpose Software
The user interface is easy to use, with no commands or scripting neededExtendable library of rock and fluid types; no numerical calibration necessaryEasy definition of geology (layers and structures), including importing geological geometries from DXF filesEasy definition of multiple wellbores, stages, and clusters, including importing geometry from DXF filesEasy definition of injection rates and schedulesEasy post-processing with many plot typesModel state can be saved at any stage and restarted laterModels can be run interactively and in batch modeExport results in many formats, including formats that can be read by reservoir simulators
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Applications Include
Reservoir-scale, multi-well, multi-stage field stimulation by multiple fracture propagation with application to both petroleum and Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) operationsNear-wellbore models to simulate fracture initiationProppant transport and placementPrediction of microseismicityRock mass preconditioning for mining operations
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Proven
Verified by comparison with analytical and semi-analytical solutions of different problems that involve important aspects of hydro-mechanical coupling during hydraulic fracture propagationUsed by Itasca for consulting projectsUsed by industry, including BP America and Aramco Research CenterUsed by universities, including University of North Dakota, University of Pittsburgh, University of Utah, Tongji University, and Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne
XSite Features
XSite is a special-purpose software package designed to meet the needs of hydraulic fracturing simulation. Main features available with XSite include:
No assumptions regarding the fracture shape or trajectoryFracture propagation in inhomogeneous and naturally fractured rock massesInteractions between hydraulic fractures, joints, and between stages and wells (including the stress shadow effect and hydraulic connectivity) are accounted forIn situ stresses may be specifiedArbitrary number of wellbores and injection pointsSynthetic microseismicity is generated as the fractures slip or propagate, providing a method for model calibration with field observationsNon-steady fluid flow within joints and the intact rockProppant transport and placementThermal analysisHeat conduction (and thermo-mechanical effects) in the rock and heat exchange with the fluid in fractures can be simulatedApproximated heat advection by injected fluidEasy setup of models for multi-stage simulation
The model shown below simulates open-hole, sliding-sleeve hydraulic stimulation along the horizontal section of the borehole. Five stages are included in the model. The Sh,min in 50-m high reservoir is 30 MPa. The verical stress and SH,max are 42 MPa. The stress barrier between the reservoir and underburden and overburden is approximately 2 MPa. The horizontal segment of the borehole is oriented in the direction of Sh,min. For the sake of simplicity, the DFN was not explicitly represented in this model. For each stage, slick water was injected for 33 minutes at a rate of 11 m3/min.
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Hydro-mechanical Coupling and Flow in XSite
Fluid flow and mechanical simulations can be done separately or coupledThe fluid flow is approximated by a flow through a network of pipes that connect fluid elements, located at the centers of either broken springs or springs intersected by pre-existing jointsThe flow pipe network is dynamic and automatically updated by connecting newly formed micro-cracks to the existing flow networkNon-steady fluid flow is modeled within the joint network and intact rock, maintaining continuity of fluid mass and pressures between joints and the rock matrixEffective stress calculations are carried outFracture permeability depends on aperture, or on the deformation of the solid modelFluid pressure affects both deformation and the strength of the solid modelThe deformation of the solid model affects the fluid pressures (i.e., fluid pressure changes under undrained conditions)Includes logic for simulation of proppant transport and placementNewtonian and power-law fluid flow availableNon-Darcy effects and pressure drop at perforation clusters are possibleRepresents leakoff explicitly, as flow into DFN and porous medium flow into rock matrix, or as Carter leakoff
Microseismicity in XSite
Synthetic microseismic events are formed in the model by new micro-crack (tensile bond breaks) and slip on existing joints (assuming all slips are seismic)Event magnitudes associated with micro-cracks and joint slips are calculated differentlySince springs are brittle and their breakage always results in local instability, it is possible to estimate radiated seismic energy based on transient change in strain energy in the vicinity of the broken spring or micro-crackIn the case of slippage across natural fractures, the energy released by the slip events is calculated based on the slip area, slip magnitude, and elastic properties of the surrounding mediumThis allows ranking of different microseismic events (both bond breakage and joint slips) occurring during simulation based on their magnitudeEvents that are related spatially and temporally are clustered together
The figure below is an XSite model of a multi-stage horizontal completion with five regularly spaced injection ports (plan view). A set of generic rock properties was used with an existing fracture network (not shown) orientated at 60° to σHmax for illustration. Acoustic emissions are shown colored by magnitude associated with micro-cracks (left) and with slip along existing joints (right).
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XSite System Requirments
XSite can be run on both Windows and Linux operating systems. The Linux version has the same functionalities and efficiency as the Windows version, but can be used in High Performance Computing (HPC) centers (i.e., large number of the fastest currently available machines) and includes automatic execution of parametric studies (e.g., sensitivity studies and Fracture Network Engineering).
Recommended System
Hard Disk: 2 TB, 7200 rpm or betterProcessor: 12 core, Intel Core i7 CPU (3 GHz) or betterMemory (RAM): 16 Gbytes or better (large models may require more memory)Video Card: HD graphics card, 1024 x 768 pixels, 32-bit color palette or better, OpenGL 1.3 or higherPorts: 1 USB port is required for the security key*Please read our full OS Policy.
XSite Background
XSite is a powerful three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation program based on the Lattice and Synthetic Rock Mass (SRM) methods.
The Lattice Method
Based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM), with particles and contacts replaced by nodes and springs, respectivelyNodes with masses are arranged quasi-randomly, connected by normal and shear springs, which can fail in brittle manner (i.e., micro-cracks)Micro-cracks may coalesce to form macro fractures with a propagation criterion based on the fracture toughnessSpring elastic/strength parameters calibrated automatically from fracture toughness and unconfined compressive and tensile strengthsPre-existing joints represented by the smooth-joint model that accurately predicts slip and opening/closing of jointsThousands of pre-existing joints (DFN) can be included
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Where joint (discontinuity) planes cut springs, th
Where joint (discontinuity) planes cut springs, the angle of the plane is respected (not the spring orientation). Thus, shear and normal compliances for the joint are used instead. In addition, slip and opening/closing of joint elements are modeled. Sliding on joint planes is independent of the local orientations of component springs.
Uses a central difference explicit solution scheme, which is well-suited for simulation of highly nonlinear behavior, such as fracture slip and the opening/closing of joints
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The lattice method is efficient because it pre-cal
The lattice method is efficient because it pre-calculates geometrical and interaction data and uses simplified equations of motion.It has been developed for stiff, brittle rock in which (a) failure occurs at small strain and (b) failure is by tensile rupture (e.g., fracture of rock bridges, hydro-fracturing, and blast damage).
Synthetic Rock Mass (SRM)
A mechanics-based approach representing the dominant mechanisms of deformation and damage of fractured reservoirsExplicitly defines a discrete fracture network (DFN) within a modeled rock matrixBoth the intact rock and the joints can be mechanically characterized by standard laboratory testsNot necessary to rely on empirical relations to estimate the rock mass properties and to account for the size effect (i.e., from the tested sample size to the scale of interest in the model)
